About

Titanium is a transition metal known for its incredible strength-to-weight ratio, being as strong as some steels but 45% lighter, and excellent corrosion resistance, especially against seawater. It is used in aerospace engineering, medical implants (due to its biocompatibility), and high-performance sporting goods. Its oxide, titanium dioxide, is a bright white pigment used in paints, plastics, and sunscreen.

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number22

Atomic Weight47.867 u

Neutrons (common)26

Electron Configuration[Ar] 3d² 4s²

Full Configuration1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d² 4s²

Electrons per Shell2, 8, 10, 2

Electronegativity1.54

Electron Affinity7.6 kJ/mol

Oxidation States+4, +3, +2

Covalent Radius136 pm

Ionic Radius60.5 pm

Periodic Table Position

Group4

Period4

BlockD

Chemical SeriesTransition metals

Physical Properties

State at STPsolid

Appearancelustrous metallic with a silver color

Crystal Structurehcp

Magnetic Orderingparamagnetic

Speed of Sound5,090 m/s

Poisson Ratio0.32

Thermal Properties

Melting Point1,941 K

Boiling Point3,560 K

Triple Point1,941 K

Thermal Expansion8.6 1/K

Thermal Conductivity21.9 W/(m·K)

Specific Heat0.523 J/(g·K)

Molar Heat25.06 J/(mol·K)

Heat of Fusion14.15 kJ/mol

Heat of Vaporization425 kJ/mol

Abundance

In Earth's Crust5,650 ppm

In Ocean0.001 ppm

In Solar System4.9 ppm

In Universe3 ppm

Discovery

Discovered byWilliam Gregor

Discovery Year1,791

Occurrenceprimordial

CAS Number7440-32-6

Electron Configuration

Energy

↿⇂

↿

Isotopes of Titanium

Symbol ▲	Mass (u) ▲	Abundance ▲	Half-life ▲	Decay Mode ▲
⁴⁴Ti	43.959690	—	59.1 y	Electron Capture
⁴⁶Ti	45.952630	8.25%	Stable	Stable
⁴⁷Ti	46.951760	7.44%	Stable	Stable
⁴⁸Ti	47.947950	73.72%	Stable	Stable
⁴⁹Ti	48.947870	5.41%	Stable	Stable
⁵⁰Ti	49.944790	5.18%	Stable	Stable

Interactive Visualization

Explore the 3D Bohr model of Titanium in our interactive viewer.

View 3D Model of Titanium