50Sn118.710
Tin
Post-transition metals · solid at STP · Block P
About
Tin is a silvery, malleable post-transition metal that resists corrosion from water. It is best known as a component of bronze, an alloy with copper, which was so significant it defined the Bronze Age. Today, its main use is in tin plating steel cans to prevent food spoilage and as a primary component of lead-free solder used to join electronic components.
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number50
Atomic Weight118.71 u
Neutrons (common)70
Electron Configuration[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p²
Full Configuration1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p²
Electrons per Shell2, 8, 18, 18, 4
Electronegativity1.96
Electron Affinity107.3 kJ/mol
Oxidation States+4, +2
Covalent Radius141 pm
Van der Waals Radius217 pm
Ionic Radius69 pm
Periodic Table Position
Group14
Period5
BlockP
Chemical SeriesPost-transition metals
Physical Properties
State at STPsolid
AppearanceSilvery-white (beta, β) or gray (alpha, α) solid
Crystal Structuretetragonal
Magnetic Orderingdiamagnetic
Speed of Sound2,730 m/s
Poisson Ratio0.36
Thermal Properties
Melting Point505.08 K
Boiling Point2,875 K
Triple Point505.08 K
Thermal Expansion0 1/K
Thermal Conductivity66.8 W/(m·K)
Specific Heat0.227 J/(g·K)
Molar Heat27.11 J/(mol·K)
Heat of Fusion7.03 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization296.1 kJ/mol
Abundance
In Earth's Crust2.3 ppm
In Ocean0 ppm
In Solar System0.02 ppm
In Human Body0.2 ppm
In Universe0.004 ppm
Discovery
Discovered byAncient civilizations
Discovery YearKnown since antiquity
Occurrenceprimordial
CAS Number7440-31-5
Electron Configuration
Energy
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6s
4f
5d
6p
7s
5f
6d
7p
Isotopes of Tin
| Symbol ▲ | Mass (u) ▲ | Abundance ▲ | Half-life ▲ | Decay Mode ▲ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 112Sn | 111.904820 | 0.97% | Stable | Stable |
| 114Sn | 113.902780 | 0.66% | Stable | Stable |
| 115Sn | 114.903350 | 0.34% | Stable | Stable |
| 116Sn | 115.901740 | 14.54% | Stable | Stable |
| 117Sn | 116.902950 | 7.68% | Stable | Stable |
| 118Sn | 117.901610 | 24.22% | Stable | Stable |
| 119Sn | 118.903310 | 8.59% | Stable | Stable |
| 120Sn | 119.902200 | 32.58% | Stable | Stable |
| 122Sn | 121.903440 | 4.63% | Stable | Stable |
| 124Sn | 123.905270 | 5.79% | Stable | Stable |
| 126Sn | 125.907650 | — | 230 ky | Beta Minus Decay |
Interactive Visualization
Explore the 3D Bohr model of Tin in our interactive viewer.
View 3D Model of Tin