About

Silver is a precious metal known for its brilliant white luster, the most reflective of any metal. It has the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of all metals. It is used in jewelry, tableware, and coins, but its industrial uses in high-quality electrical contacts and mirrors are also crucial. Silver halide compounds are light-sensitive, forming the basis of traditional film photography.

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number47

Atomic Weight107.868 u

Neutrons (common)60

Electron Configuration[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s¹

Full Configuration1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s¹

Electrons per Shell2, 8, 18, 18, 1

Electronegativity1.93

Electron Affinity125.58 kJ/mol

Oxidation States+1, +2, +3

Covalent Radius134 pm

Van der Waals Radius172 pm

Ionic Radius115 pm

Periodic Table Position

Group11

Period5

BlockD

Chemical SeriesTransition metals

Physical Properties

State at STPsolid

AppearanceLustrous white metal, highly ductile and malleable

Crystal Structurefcc

Magnetic Orderingdiamagnetic

Speed of Sound2,680 m/s

Poisson Ratio0.37

Thermal Properties

Melting Point1,234.93 K

Boiling Point2,435 K

Triple Point1,234.93 K

Thermal Expansion0 1/K

Thermal Conductivity429 W/(m·K)

Specific Heat0.235 J/(g·K)

Molar Heat25.35 J/(mol·K)

Heat of Fusion11.28 kJ/mol

Heat of Vaporization254 kJ/mol

Abundance

In Earth's Crust0.075 ppm

In Ocean0 ppm

In Solar System0.002 ppm

In Universe0.001 ppm

Discovery

Discovered byAncient civilizations

Discovery YearKnown since antiquity

Occurrenceprimordial

CAS Number7440-22-4

Electron Configuration

Energy

↿⇂

↿

↿⇂

Isotopes of Silver

Symbol ▲	Mass (u) ▲	Abundance ▲	Half-life ▲	Decay Mode ▲
¹⁰⁷Ag	106.905090	51.839%	Stable	Stable
¹⁰⁹Ag	108.904760	48.161%	Stable	Stable

Interactive Visualization

Explore the 3D Bohr model of Silver in our interactive viewer.

View 3D Model of Silver